If we look at the word meaning of landscape, it is expressed as "the concept belonging to the whole of the perceived landscape from a certain point of view". Landscape projects, on the other hand, are specially defined with open-green areas, roofs and spaces such as atrium (courtyard) or municipal maintenance-repair areas other than the buildings in the zoned areas; eg highways, tourism areas, protected areas, river and lake banks, sports and entertainment complexes, recreation areas, etc. It is the name given to all of the physical plans and designs produced in the light of ecological, natural and cultural data of the areas.

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   While the landscaping of the areas outside the building is done, the project production process is carried out within the specified time, within the framework of science and engineering principles, in accordance with the determined international standards, considering the technical details and the user service quality.

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   The initiation of design work in environmental arrangements is carried out subject and optional. Regardless of the size and function of the work, it has a user / customer and the design process is guided in line with this user request. For example, at the stage of a city park project, the users of that urban space, the park, are the residents and visitors of that city. In this context, the landscape design or planning to be made should be designed in accordance with the socio-cultural structure of that city and meeting the wishes of the users. Another example is the landscape design of a residential garden in accordance with the wishes of the people who will use that garden.

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   In this project phase, in order to create a healthy project, it is necessary to understand the landscape project stages well and to apply these stages one by one in the project area so that landscape projects are functional, visual and appealing to the user.

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   There are a number of factors that affect landscape design. If we look at these factors, before starting the project, the land character of the area to be projected, climatic conditions and environmental factors should be considered. In this way, the design to be made is healthier and the process can be followed in a healthy way without going back to the beginning of the project. Land types can be examined under two headings according to the planning or design to be made in landscape projects. These are: rural lands and urban lands. Rural lands are larger in size and less restrictions on designs. Nature is dominant. The form of the soil and the land is dominant in projecting as strong visual elements. They are known as places where the lack of structural elements and natural conditions are at the forefront. Urban lands, on the other hand, are dimensionally limited, so the utilization of the area should be kept at the maximum level. In this context, the fact that the landscape projects will be carried out in urban spaces affects the scale of the landscape element to be used here, as the area is limited and will affect the scale.

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   Land types can be classified as flat and sloping lands according to their topographic structure. Another impressive factor is the climate. The climatic conditions of the area to be built in landscape design are one of the main factors affecting the design. In the landscape project to be made, it should be one of the priority goals to design places that can benefit from the positive effects of vegetative projects while minimizing adverse climate conditions. For example; the sun is a constant, unchanging climatic factor. The effects of the sun vary according to latitude and seasons. This information should be obtained from the meteorological stations in the area to be projected and used in landscape design. Another climatic factor is the expected peak precipitation. This situation plays an important role in the design of drainage systems. On walkways covered with shades, in vegetal screening works for protection from wind, in plant material selection; Designs should be made considering the temperature, wind, rain and sun.

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   In addition to the general climatic conditions and local climatic conditions of the area, there are also special weather conditions in restricted areas. Air changes in these restricted areas are known as microclimate. The criteria that make up the microclimate are mostly topographic conditions. At night, the cold air goes down to the lower points, so the night temperature is lower on the valley floors than the hill, and the humidity is higher. For this reason, it is important to position the structures in the parts of the valley skirts facing south. For example, paved hard floors affect the temperature due to their reflective properties and create a micro-climate. The existence of the surrounding buildings and the frequent or sparse urban settlements affect the microclimate. The height of the building, their location, roof shapes, affect the air circulation. It is important to position the buildings in areas that are warm in winter and cool in summer. For a habitable microclimate, architectural design, landscape design and planting should be carried out in harmony.

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   Factors affecting environmental pollution such as odor, smoke, exhaust in the area to be projected or its immediate surroundings should be well identified during the project design phase. In this context, it is necessary to determine the prevailing wind direction that will spread them. Solutions to such problems; For example, it is a screening with vegetation on the part where there is noise, but the choice of the view according to the user's request should also be considered. One of the most important issues in the project design phase is the human factors. These are very important for the users of the area to be projected to use the area more efficiently and to create a healthy project. There are two possible ways to be followed in order to be sensitive to the requests and demands of the users. These can be classified as: observing the users' actions and consulting them directly, the other as making inferences from generalizations of general principles and behavior.

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   In the stage of creating a landscape project, attention should be paid to and selected according to the plant elements, landscape reinforcement elements, the size and functionality of the project area as well as such factors. There are basic principles in landscape design. These can be classified as technical, static and construction, situation and environmental compatibility, proportion. The materials to be selected in the design must comply with the technical principles. For example, high temperature resistant species; juniper, needlework tree, ligustrum, oleander, flame tree etc. dir. Considering the climatic factors of the area, technically suitable plants should be selected. If there is an architectural structure in the area, or if it is to be built, it should be built or planned considering the carrying capacity. The character and physiognomy of the objects or elements positioned in the planned or designed area in terms of situation and environmental compatibility should be in harmony without grinning in that area. Otherwise, it will be strange by the environment. Therefore, everything from the materials to be used to the elements must be in harmony with the environment. In landscape projects, the whole must be in harmony and the parts used must have harmony among themselves. From the objects used in this section to the designed spaces, the concept of proportion should be well worked out so that there should not be any disproportion in the parts when looking at the whole, the overall appearance will be good, which is an indication that the project is successful.

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   When we say landscape projects, it covers works in a wide range of scales from 1/1 scale to 1/50000 and above. Projects are worked on in different names and scales, depending on the area and environment. For example, landscape projects include a very large working discipline that includes the landscape planning works of a larger scale city or even the region, from a housing project to be worked on in smaller scales.